In short reallocating is a euphemism for defund. It means less cops.
While Camden, NJ, is often cited as a leading example of police reform and resource reallocation, there are other cities and initiatives where similar approaches have led to positive outcomes. These examples include not necessarily full "defunding" but efforts to reallocate police resources toward community-based services, mental health support, and alternative safety measures. Here's a look at a few notable ones:
### 1. **Eugene, Oregon – CAHOOTS Program**
- **Action Taken**: Since 1989, Eugene has implemented the *Crisis Assistance Helping Out On The Streets* (CAHOOTS) program, a model where mental health professionals and paramedics, rather than police, respond to non-violent mental health and homelessness-related crises.
- **Outcomes**:
- **Positive Impact**: CAHOOTS has become a highly successful alternative to traditional police responses for certain situations, handling about 20% of the city's emergency calls (over 24,000 annually). It is credited with reducing unnecessary police interventions and improving outcomes for individuals facing mental health crises.
- **Cost Savings**: By diverting non-criminal calls to CAHOOTS, the city saves an estimated $8.5 million a year, significantly reducing the burden on the police department and allowing law enforcement to focus on violent and criminal activities.
- **National Influence**: The CAHOOTS model has been looked at by other cities like Denver, San Francisco, and New York as a potential way to reform their approach to public safety.
### 2. **Denver, Colorado – STAR Program**
- **Action Taken**: Inspired by Eugene's CAHOOTS, Denver launched the *Support Team Assisted Response* (STAR) program in 2020. Similar to CAHOOTS, the STAR team includes paramedics and mental health professionals who respond to nonviolent calls related to mental health, substance abuse, and homelessness, instead of police officers.
- **Outcomes**:
- **Immediate Success**: During its pilot period (June 2020 to November 2020), STAR responded to 748 calls, none of which required police backup or resulted in arrests. The program was successful in de-escalating situations and providing appropriate care without the need for law enforcement.
- **Expansion**: Following its successful pilot phase, the city expanded the program in 2021 and allocated more resources for its continued operation.
- **Community Reception**: STAR has been well-received, with advocates citing it as a humane and effective way to address non-criminal emergencies, reducing the load on police and potentially preventing unnecessary arrests or escalation.
### 3. **Seattle, Washington – LEAD Program**
- **Action Taken**: The *Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion* (LEAD) program, launched in 2011, allows police officers to divert low-level offenders, particularly those involved in drug use or prostitution, to social services instead of arresting them. The program emphasizes treatment and support rather than incarceration.
- **Outcomes**:
- **Reductions in Recidivism**: Studies on LEAD have shown that participants are 58% less likely to be re-arrested compared to those who went through the traditional criminal justice system. This highlights the program's success in reducing repeat offenses and addressing root causes like addiction and homelessness.
- **Cost Savings**: By diverting individuals from jail and into social services, LEAD has helped reduce the cost burden on the criminal justice system, lowering expenses associated with incarceration.
- **National Model**: The program has been praised as a model for other cities looking to reform their policing practices and focus on harm reduction.
### 4. **Dallas, Texas – RIGHT Care Program**
- **Action Taken**: Dallas launched the *Rapid Integrated Group Healthcare Team* (RIGHT Care) program in 2018. This program dispatches teams of police officers, paramedics, and social workers to respond to mental health crises.
- **Outcomes**:
- **Reduced Police Involvement**: RIGHT Care has successfully diverted a significant number of mental health-related 911 calls from law enforcement to healthcare professionals. In its first year, the program resulted in fewer emergency room visits and reduced police interventions in situations better suited for social workers and health professionals.
- **Positive Community Feedback**: The program is seen as a valuable tool for de-escalating potentially dangerous situations and providing care to those in mental health crises. The reduced police presence in these interactions has contributed to better outcomes for vulnerable individuals.
### 5. **Richmond, California – Office of Neighborhood Safety (ONS)**
- **Action Taken**: Richmond's *Office of Neighborhood Safety* was launched in 2007 to address the city's high rates of gun violence. Instead of policing, ONS focuses on providing mentorship, job training, and counseling to individuals at high risk of committing or becoming victims of violent crime.
- **Outcomes**:
- **Significant Crime Reduction**: Between 2007 and 2017, Richmond experienced a 66% reduction in gun-related homicides, largely attributed to the work of ONS. The program targets individuals with histories of violence, providing them with opportunities to change their behavior through positive engagement rather than punitive measures.
- **Innovative Approach**: The ONS program is often cited as a non-police model for violence prevention, showing that investing in community outreach and targeted support can reduce crime without increased policing.
- **National Attention**: Cities like Oakland, California, and Washington, D.C., have looked to ONS as a model for addressing violent crime in ways that go beyond traditional law enforcement.
### 6. **Baltimore, Maryland – Crisis Response Teams**
- **Action Taken**: Baltimore has implemented crisis response teams made up of mental health professionals and police officers to deal with incidents involving individuals experiencing mental health crises. The city also invested in trauma-informed approaches to policing.
- **Outcomes**:
- **Effective Response**: By embedding mental health professionals alongside police officers, the crisis teams have been able to de-escalate potentially violent situations and provide appropriate care. This has reduced the number of fatal encounters between police and mentally ill individuals.
- **Support for Expansion**: The success of these programs has led to calls for expanding crisis response teams and further separating nonviolent calls from traditional police response.
### Conclusion
These examples illustrate how reallocating police resources to focus on mental health services, community-based violence prevention, and diversion programs can lead to positive outcomes. While full "defunding" of police departments is rare, these models demonstrate that shifting certain responsibilities away from police and toward specialized professionals can reduce crime, improve public safety, and prevent unnecessary police encounters.
The common theme in these successful programs is a focus on addressing root causes of crime—mental health issues, homelessness, addiction, and poverty—through non-punitive means. These strategies not only improve individual outcomes but also reduce the burden on traditional law enforcement. Although broader reforms are still being debated, these cases offer promising examples of how thoughtful reallocation of resources can enhance public safety and community well-being.