The white supremacists rallied in Charlottesville because the city is beginning to take down its Confederate monuments. This antagonizes the white supremacists, because unlike the monuments' mainstream defenders, they understand perfectly well that the monuments aren't about any mythical heritage, but are instead
expressions of white supremacy:
Many of the treasured monuments that seem to offer a connection to the post-bellum South are actually much later, anachronistic constructions, and they tend to correlate closely with periods of fraught racial relations,
as my colleague Yoni Appelbaum has noted. South Carolina didn’t hoist the battle flag in Columbia until 1961—the anniversary of the war’s start, but also the middle of the civil-rights push, and a time when many white Southerners were on the defensive about issues like segregation and voting rights.
A
timeline of the genesis of the Confederate sites shows two notable spikes. One comes around the turn of the 20th century, just after
Plessy v. Ferguson, and just as many Southern states were establishing repressive race laws. The second runs from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s—the peak of the civil-rights movement. In other words, the erection of Confederate monuments has been a way to perform cultural resistance to black equality.
This is more explaining than ought to be necessary. The Confederate rebellion was all about slavery and white supremacy,
as the Confederates' own words abundantly establish. And as a matter of historical fact, the Confederate flag came back up and the Confederate monuments mostly went up during periods in which white racists felt particular need to keep black people down.
Defenders of the Confederate flag and the Confederate monuments frequently claim that those who want to take them down are somehow trying to erase history. That's ironic, because they're the ones who don't know their history. By all means let's teach that history. Let's make certain that everyone knows why there was a Civil War and what "heritage" these monuments actually celebrate. But that doesn't remotely require us to venerate white supremacy -- as the Confederate flag and these Confederate monuments unequivocally to do.