Generally, it means knowing things about the way the world works--through academic disciplines like history, science, literature, and math. One can be educated, but not be an entrepreneur, or confident, or creative. Those are all great skills to have, but have little to do with being "educated." I think you're mixing up characteristics of what you believe desirable with education, which you want to also believe is desirable.I wanna get back to what it even means to be “educated”. A specific discipline is of course import for some jobs, like engineering. But I think there is more to it that allows a person to excel within a discipline. I’ve worked around lawyers for decades and even though I think a legal education is a great education, not everyone walks away with the same skills and abilities. I think a purpose of education that applies to all disciplines are things like independence, resourcefulness. Problem solving, creativity, confidence, communication, people skills entrepreneurship; stuff like that. Any college education costing thousands of dollars should improve these kinds of abilities.
An example: Vinnie from My Cousin Vinnie is not an "educated" lawyer. Yet, he is a problem solver, creative, irrationally confident, and has good people skills. Contrast him with Charles Allen Wright or Richard Epstein--those guys knew or know volumes of law, how the law works, have literally written the book on some subjects, but it's easy to imagine them without their other obvious skills that you list and they have but need not have.
The John Hausmann character might be one of these. No doubt he's "educated." But he evidences little in the way of independence (he works for a university and is a lifelong prof), resourcefulness or creativity (we all had profs like that--they had a lesson there were going to teach, year-after-year and it worked), problem solving, entrepreneurship, or people skills. He's a dick, but knows a lot and thinks well--i.e. your highly educated person.